References on a CV: what to write and who to ask
Whether to list referees on your CV, who makes a good reference, and how to ask them politely before you apply.
Do you need references on your CV?
Most employers ask for references only after an interview. You can leave them off your CV to save space, or add a short References section if the advert asks for them. Avoid writing "References available on request"; employers assume it.
Who makes a good referee
- A current or former manager or supervisor.
- An internship supervisor.
- A university teacher or project supervisor, if you are a fresh graduate.
- A client or senior colleague who knows your work well.
Avoid relatives and friends, even if they hold senior jobs.
What to include
- Full name and job title.
- Organisation.
- Phone number and email.
- How they know you, such as "Internship supervisor, 2025".
Ask first
Always ask before listing someone. Send them your CV and the job you are applying for, and remind them of what you worked on together. A prepared referee gives a stronger reference.
Experience letters
Employers in Pakistan often ask for experience letters from previous jobs and internships. Ask for one whenever you leave a role, and keep scanned copies safe.